Uterine Myoma: What It Is, Causes, Early Detection and Prevention
Hearing that you may have a myoma can be overwhelming, especially if you’re unfamiliar with the condition. The good news is that uterine myomas are very common and are often non-cancerous. Many women may have a myoma without even realizing it, as some cases do not cause noticeable symptoms.
However, while many myomas are harmless, others can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic discomfort, fertility concerns, or other complications if left undetected. Understanding what is myoma, what causes the condition, and how it can be detected early empowers women to make informed decisions about their health.
What Is Myoma?
Also known as a uterine fibroid or leiomyoma, myoma is a non-cancerous growth that develops from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. These growths can vary greatly in size, from tiny nodules that are barely visible to larger masses that can change the shape of the uterus.
Some women develop only one myoma, while others may have multiple growths at the same time.
Common symptoms may include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Lower back pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty becoming pregnant in some cases
The 3 Main Types of Myomas.
Myomas are classified based on where they grow within or around the uterus.
Intramural
The most common type, intramural myomas develop within the muscular wall of the uterus itself. They’re often associated with heavier or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
Subserosal
These grow on the outer surface of the uterus. Rather than affecting your period, subserosal myomas tend to press against nearby organs, which can lead to pelvic pressure, frequent urination, or lower back discomfort.
Submucosal
The least common but often the most disruptive, submucosal myomas grow just beneath the inner lining of the uterus, extending into the uterine cavity. Because of their location, they’re closely linked to heavy bleeding and, in some cases, fertility challenges.
Why Do Women Get Myoma?
While the exact cause of myoma remains uncertain, several factors are known to increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
The Role of Hormones (Estrogen and Progesterone)
One of the biggest factors linked to myoma growth is the female reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone.
These hormones help regulate the menstrual cycle but can also stimulate the growth of uterine muscle cells. As a result, myomas often:
- Grow during the reproductive years
- Increase in size during pregnancy due to higher hormone levels
- Shrink after menopause when hormone levels naturally decline
Genetic and Family History Factors
Genetics also contribute to a woman’s risk. You may have a higher chance of developing myoma if your mother had uterine myomas or your sister has been diagnosed with myomas. Certain genetic changes found within uterine muscle cells may also contribute to the formation of myomas.
In addition to hormones and genetics, other factors associated with a higher risk include:
- Being overweight or obese
- Starting menstruation at an early age
- Advancing reproductive age
- Certain lifestyle and dietary factors
What Kind of Ultrasound Detects Myoma?
Ultrasound is usually the first-line imaging test recommended when a healthcare provider suspects uterine myoma. It is safe, non-invasive, does not use radiation, and provides real-time images of the uterus.
Depending on your symptoms and clinical findings, your doctor may recommend one of the following examinations.
Transabdominal Ultrasound (Pelvic Scan)
A transabdominal ultrasound is performed by moving an ultrasound probe across the lower abdomen.
This examination can help evaluate:
- The size of the uterus
- Larger myomas
- The number and location of fibroids
- Other pelvic organs, including the ovaries
It is often recommended as an initial evaluation, particularly for larger uterine growths.
Transvaginal Ultrasound (Internal Scan)
A transvaginal ultrasound uses a small ultrasound probe inserted into the vagina to obtain more detailed images of the uterus.
Because the probe is positioned closer to the uterus, it offers clearer visualization of:
- Smaller myomas
- Submucosal myomas
- The uterine lining
- Early-stage abnormalities
This examination is especially helpful when symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding require a more detailed assessment.
How to Prevent Myoma
While there is no guaranteed way to completely prevent myoma, maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce your risk and support overall reproductive health.
Weight Management and Balanced Diet
Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the most practical ways to support hormonal health.
Consider these healthy habits:
- Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
- Choose whole grains whenever possible.
- Include lean protein sources.
- Limit highly processed foods and sugary drinks.
- Reduce excessive consumption of red meat.
- Stay physically active throughout the week.
These lifestyle habits may also lower the risk of other chronic health conditions that can affect overall well-being.
Hormonal Balance and Lifestyle Habits
Supporting your overall hormonal health may also be beneficial.
Healthy habits include:
- Getting regular physical activity
- Managing stress effectively
- Prioritizing adequate sleep
- Avoiding smoking
- Limiting excessive alcohol intake
- Attending regular gynecologic checkups
Routine health screenings are especially important because many women with myomas have no symptoms until the growths become larger.
Get your Health Checkup at Shinagawa Diagnostic
While myomas are generally non-cancerous, they can still affect your daily life if they continue to grow or cause persistent symptoms. Early detection allows for timely evaluation and appropriate management before complications develop.
For women who may be at risk of developing myoma, Shinagawa Diagnostic offers comprehensive health checkups designed to support preventive care. The Women’s Prime Executive Checkup includes a Whole Abdominal Ultrasound, which covers the pelvic area to provide a broader assessment of the abdominal cavity and help identify possible uterine abnormalities, including myomas.
For a more detailed evaluation of the uterus, Transvaginal Ultrasound is also available.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your doctor or a qualified healthcare provider for personalized medical guidance.
References:
Are fibroids in the uterus hereditary? thank mama or Grandma. (n.d.-a). https://www.fibroidfree.com/fibroids/are-fibroids-hereditary/
Types of uterine fibroids: Intramural, subserol, and submucosal – joint & vascular institute. (n.d.-d). https://jointvascular.com/news/types-of-uterine-fibroids-intramural-subserol-and-submucosal/
Uterine fibroids: Symptoms and treatments – natural womanhood. (n.d.-f). https://naturalwomanhood.org/symptoms-of-uterine-fibroids-treatments-beyond-birth-control/
What is Myoma? Myoma symptoms and treatment | Yeditepe Üniversitesi Hastanesi. (n.d.-f). https://yeditepehastaneleri.com/en/health-guide/diseases-treatments/what-myoma-myoma-symptoms-and-treatment